Projection mapping works on many surfaces—but the results vary dramatically depending on reflectance, gain, colour and texture. This guide provides a scientific, practical breakdown to help cities, festivals and brands choose the best possible projection surfaces.

1. The Science of Reflectance & Gain

A surface’s ability to reflect light determines how bright the image will appear. Key terms:

• Reflectance: how much light a surface reflects overall
• Gain: how efficiently a surface reflects light back toward the audience

Higher reflectance = brighter projections with less hardware.

2. Best Surface Types for Projection Mapping

Matte White Walls

The ideal real-world surface. High reflectance, smooth texture, no hotspots.

Light Concrete or Stone

Surprisingly good reflectance with interesting natural texture. Works well for city halls, museums and heritage buildings.

White Fabrics and Tents

Very high reflectance and easy to work with. Ideal for festivals, entrance tunnels and temporary structures.

Inflatable Vinyl Structures

Soft highlights and great consistency across curved surfaces. Perfect for festivals or tourism art zones.

3. Surfaces That Are More Challenging

Dark Brick or Painted Surfaces

Lower reflectance reduces image brightness; higher lumen projectors needed.

Glass

Projectors pass through glass instead of reflecting off it; rarely usable without film or coverings.

Highly Glossy Surfaces

Cause hotspots, glare and uneven reflections—difficult for storytelling content.

4. Enhancing Poorer Surfaces

If the chosen building or structure isn’t ideal, you can improve results by:

• Adding temporary white scenic cladding
• Using higher brightness projectors
• Placing content strategically (avoid shadow zones)
• Using short-throw lenses to boost intensity

5. Ideal Surfaces for Events & Cities

Best choices for real-world use:

• Light-coloured civic buildings
• Heritage stone façades
• Festival tents & domes
• Inflatable sculptures
• Temporary scenic walls

Next Steps

If you want help evaluating a surface for projection mapping, send a photo and description of your site through our contact page.

Selecting the right surface can reduce hardware needs and dramatically improve visual quality.